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Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of the 12-week regimen with sofosbuvir and coblopasvir hydrochloride in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in northwest China. Methods This study enrolled 101 patients with CHC of any genotype who received sofosbuvir (400 mg) combined with coblopasvir hydrochloride (60 mg) for 12 weeks in The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, and Baoji Central Hospital from July 1 to December 31, 2021, among whom 13 had liver cirrhosis and 88 did not have live cirrhosis. Other antiviral drugs such as ribavirin were not added regardless of the presence or absence of liver cirrhosis or the genotype of CHC. Related clinical data ere extracted, including HCV RNA quantification and liver biochemical parameters at baseline, at week 12 of treatment, and at 12 weeks after drug withdrawal. The primary endpoints were sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after the end of treatment (SVR12) and safety at week 12 of treatment, and the secondary endpoint was the effect of the 12-week treatment on liver biochemical parameters. The non-normally distributed continuous data were expressed as M ( P 25 - P 75 ), and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between groups. Results A total of 101 patients were included in the analysis, among whom there were 55 male patients (54.5%) and 46 female patients, and the median age was 53 years. Among these patients, 12.8% had liver cirrhosis, 1.0% had liver cancer, 3.0% were treatment-experienced patients, and 3.0% had type 2 diabetes. As for genotype distribution, 8% had CHC genotype 1, 60% had CHC genotype 2, 19% had CHC genotype 3, and 6% had CHC genotype 6, and genotype was not tested for 7% of the patients. After 12 weeks of treatment, all 101 patients had a HCV RNA level of below the lower limit of detection and an SVR12 rate of 100%, with a significant reduction in the serum level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) from baseline to week 12 of treatment ( P < 0.05). Among these patients, 22.7% had concomitant medications such as atorvastatin calcium, aspirin, metformin, nifedipine, bicyclol, and compound glycyrrhizin. The incidence rate of adverse events was 16.8%, and fatigue (12.9%) was the most common adverse event. Conclusion The 12-week treatment with sofosbuvir and coblopasvir hydrochloride can obtain high SVR12 in CHC patients in northwest China and has good antiviral safety, with a significant improvement in abnormal serum ALT at week 12 of treatment.
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ObjectiveTo determine the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Shaanxi Province. MethodsEpidemiological analysis was conducted on the confirmed cases of COVID-19 （n=245） from January 23rd， 2020 through February 21st， 2020 based on the official data announced by Shaanxi Province. The effects of local population migration， prevention and control measures on the epidemic were explored. ResultsAs of February 21st， 2020， a total of 245 COVID-19 cases had been notified in Shaanxi Province， with a cumulative incidence rate of 0.63 per 100 000， of which imported cases accounted for 47.34%. The high incidence was observed between January 31st and February 5th. Xi’an had the largest number of COVID-19 cases， followed by Ankang， Hanzhong and Xianyang， totally accounting for 81.20% of the cases in the province. In terms of social factors， daily morbidity was positively correlated with Baidu migration scale index 14 days before. On January 25th， the provincial health emergency response was launched， and on January 31st， it was further upgraded for quarantine. On February 20th， the provincial prevention and control system was implemented by classified areas. There were no emerging local cases after February 21st and no confirmed cases for 28th consecutive days as of March 19th. Local cases and close contacts were cleared to zero on March 27th. ConclusionThe COVID-19 epidemic in Shaanxi Province is mainly concentrated in Guanzhong area and southern Shaanxi， with a widespread pattern in all cities. The prevention and control measures have effectively contained the epidemic， with a declining incidence. However， quarantine of suspected cases and close contacts remains crucial for routine prevention and control strategy.
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The aim of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of galactosides modified lamivudine (LA) on hepatitis B virus (HBV) and examine the liver targeting ability of lamivudine modified by galactosides in vitro and in vivo (mice). Lamivudine nanoparicles modified by galactosides (LAP GSLN) were prepared and delivered into 2.2.15 cells. After 10 days, hepatitis virus B e antigen (HBeAg) expression in 2.2.15 cells was detected by ELISA, and immune fluorescence levels of HBV DNA in the medium were examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The cytotoxicity of LAP GSLN on 2.2.15 cells was observed as well. In the in vivo experiment, ten male mice were randomly divided into 2 groups: lap GSLN group (i.v.injection of LAP GSLN) and LA group (i.v.injection of LA). Lamivudine levels in serum, hepatic, renal, pulmonary, and splenic tissues were detected by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP HPLC). On the 6th day, the expression of HBeAg was found inhibited by LPA GSLN. HBV DNA replication was also inhibited by LAP GSLN on the 4th day. Hepatic LAP GSLN concentrations in LAP GSLN group were 3.3 fold higher that of the LA group. The above results suggested galactosides modified lamivudine could effectively inhibit the antigen expression and DNA replication of HBV, and it showed a high liver targeting ability in vivo .